What Works in Conservation 2021

Does installing wildlife warning reflectors along roads benefit mammal conservation?
Does the installation of exclusion and/or escape devices on fishing nets benefit marine and freshwater mammal conservation?
William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Silviu O. Petrovan and Rebecca K. Smith (eds) | August 2021
ISBN Hardback: 9781800642737
ISBN Digital (PDF): 9781800642744
ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 9781800642751
ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9781800642768
ISBN Digital (XML): 9781800642775
DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0267
BIC: RNKC (Conservation of the environment), RNKH (Conservation of wildlife and habitats), RND (Environmental policy and protocols); BISAC: NAT010000 (Ecology), NAT011000 (Environmental Conservation & Protection), SCI026000 (Environmental Science), NAT000000 (NATURE / General), SCI000000 (SCIENCE / General). OCLC Number: 1262965903.
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Introduction Download
William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Silviu O. Petrovan and Rebecca K. Smith
Who is What Works in Conservation for?
1. Amphibian Conservation Download
Rebecca K. Smith, Helen Meredith and William J. Sutherland
1.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
1.2 Threat: Agriculture
1.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
1.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
1.5 Threat: Biological resource use
1.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
1.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
1.9 Threat: Pollution
1.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
1.11 Habitat protection
1.12 Habitat restoration and creation
1.13 Species management
1.14 Education and awareness raising
2. Bat Conservation Download
Anna Berthinussen, Olivia C. Richardson and John D. Altringham
2.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
2.2 Threat: Agriculture
2.3 Threat: Energy production
2.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
2.5 Threat: Biological resource use
2.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
2.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
2.8 Threat: Invasive or problematic species and disease
2.9 Threat: Pollution
2.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
2.11 Habitat protection
2.12 Habitat restoration and creation
2.13 Species management
2.14 Education and awareness raising
3. Bird Conservation Download
David R. Williams, Matthew F. Child, Lynn V. Dicks, Nancy Ockendon, Robert G. Pople, David A. Showler, Jessica C. Walsh, Erasmus K. H. J. zu Ermgassen and William J. Sutherland
3.1 Habitat protection
3.2 Education and awareness raising
3.3 Threat: Residential and commercial development
3.4 Threat: Agriculture
3.5 Threat: Energy production and mining
3.6 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
3.7 Threat: Biological resource use
3.8 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
3.9 Threat: Natural system modifications
3.10 Habitat restoration and creation
3.11 Threat: Invasive alien and other problematic species
3.12 Threat: Pollution
3.13 Threat: Climate change, extreme weather and geological events
3.14 General responses to small/declining populations
3.15 Captive breeding, rearing and releases (ex situ conservation)
4. Farmland Conservation Download
Lynn V. Dicks, Joscelyne E. Ashpole, Juliana Dänhardt, Katy James, Annelie Jönsson, Nicola Randall, David A. Showler, Rebecca K. Smith, Susan Turpie, David R. Williams and William J. Sutherland
4.1 All farming systems
4.2 Arable farming
4.3 Perennial (non-timber) crops
4.4 Livestock farming
4.5 Threat: Residential and commercial development
4.6 Threat: Agri-chemicals
4.7 Threat: Transport and service corridors
4.8 Threat: Hunting and trapping (for pest control, food or sport)
4.9 Threat: Natural system modification
4.10 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
4.11 Threat: Education and awareness
5. Forest Conservation Download
Har’el Agra, Simon Schowanek, Yohay Carmel, Rebecca K. Smith and Gidi Ne’eman
5.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
5.2 Threat: Agriculture
5.3 Threat: Transport and service corridors
5.4 Threat: Biological resource use
5.5 Habitat protection
5.6 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
5.7 Threat: Pollution
5.8 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
5.9 Habitat protection
5.10 Habitat restoration and creation
5.11 Actions to improve survival and growth rate of planted trees
5.12 Education and awareness raising
6. Peatland Conservation Download
Nigel G. Taylor, Patrick Grillas and William J. Sutherland
6.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
6.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture
6.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
6.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
6.5 Threat: Biological resource use
6.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
6.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
6.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
6.9 Threat: Pollution
6.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
6.11 Habitat creation and restoration
6.12 Actions to complement planting
6.13 Habitat protection
6.14 Education and awareness
7. Primate Conservation Download
Jessica Junker, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Lisa Orth, Rebecca K. Smith, Silviu O. Petrovan and William J. Sutherland
7.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
7.2 Threat: Agriculture
7.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
7.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
7.5 Threat: Biological resource use
7.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
7.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
7.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species and genes
7.9 Threat: Pollution
7.10 Education and Awareness
7.11 Habitat protection
7.12 Species management
7.13 Livelihood; economic and other incentives
8. Shrubland and Heathland Conservation Download
Philip A. Martin, Ricardo Rocha, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland
8.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
8.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture
8.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
8.4 Threat: Biological resource use
8.5 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
8.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
8.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
8.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
8.9 Threat: Pollution
8.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
8.11 Threat: Habitat protection
8.12 Habitat restoration and creation
8.13 Actions to benefit introduced vegetation
8.14 Education and awareness
9. Management of Captive Animals Download
Coral S. Jonas, Lydia T. Timbrell, Fey Young, Silviu O. Petrovan, Andrew E. Bowkett and Rebecca K. Smith
9.1 Ex-situ conservation – breeding amphibians
9.2 Promoting health and welfare in captive carnivores (felids, canids and ursids) through feeding practices
9.3 Promoting natural feeding behaviours in primates in captivity
10. Some Aspects of Control of Freshwater Invasive Species Download
David Aldridge, Nancy Ockendon, Ricardo Rocha, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland
10.1 Threat: Invasive plants
10.2 Threat: Invasive molluscs
10.3 Threat: Invasive crustaceans
10.4 Threat: Invasive fish
10.5 Threat: Invasive reptiles
10.6 Threat: Invasive amphibians
11. Some Aspects of Enhancing Natural Pest Control Download
Hugh L. Wright, Joscelyne E. Ashpole, Lynn V. Dicks, James Hutchison, Caitlin G. McCormack and William J. Sutherland
11.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
11.2 All farming systems
11.3 Arable farming
11.4 Perennial farming
11.5 Livestock farming and pasture
12. Enhancing Soil Fertility Download
Georgina Key, Mike Whitfield, Lynn V. Dicks, William J. Sutherland and Richard D. Bardgett
12.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
12.2 All farming systems
12.3 Arable farming
12.4 Livestock and pasture farming
13. Subtidal Benthic Invertebrate Conservation Download
Anaelle J. Lemasson, Laura R. Pettit, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland
13.1 Threat: Energy production and mining
13.2 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
13.3 Threat: Biological resource use
13.4 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbances
13.5 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species, genes and diseases
13.6 Threat: Pollution
13.7 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
13.8 Habitat protection
13.9 Habitat restoration and creation
13.10 Species management
13.11 Education and awareness
14. Marine and Freshwater Mammal Conservation Download
Anna Berthinussen, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland
14.1 Threat: Aquaculture and agriculture
14.2 Threat: Energy production and mining
14.3 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
14.4 Threat: Biological resource use
14.5 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
14.6 Threat: Natural system modifications
14.7 Threat: Invasive or problematic species and disease
14.8 Threat: Pollution
14.9 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
14.10 Habitat protection
14.11 Habitat restoration and creation
14.12 Species management
14.13 Education and awareness raising
15. Terrestrial Mammal Conservation Download
Nick Littlewood, Ricardo Rocha, Rebecca K. Smith, Philip Martin, Sarah Lockhart, Rebecca F. Schoonover, Elspeth Wilman, Andrew J. Bladon, Katie A. Sainsbury, Stuart Pimm and William J. Sutherland
15.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
15.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture
15.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
15.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
15.5 Threat: Biological resource use
15.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
15.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
15.8 Threat: Invasive alien and other problematic species
15.9 Threat: Pollution
15.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
15.11 Habitat protection
15.12 Habitat restoration and creation
15.13 Species management
15.14 Education and awareness raising

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information:
William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Silviu O. Petrovan and Rebecca K. Smith. What Works in Conservation 2021. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2021. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0267
Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cover image: A close up shot of the underside of a Dwarf Cavendish (Musa acuminata) by Ben Clough, CC BY-SA 3.0. Wikimedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dwarf_cavendish_leaf_2.jpg
Cover design: Heidi Coburn