What Works in Conservation 2020

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What Works in Conservation 2020
William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Silviu O. Petrovan and Rebecca K. Smith (eds) | December2020

What Works in Conservation Series | ISSN: 2059-4232 (Print); 2059-4240 (Online)

ISBN Paperback: 9781783748334
ISBN Hardback: 9781783748341
ISBN Digital (PDF): 9781783748358
ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 9781783748365
ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9781783748372
ISBN Digital (XML): 9781783748389
DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0191
BIC: RNKC (Conservation of the environment), RNKH (Conservation of wildlife and habitats), RND (Environmental policy and protocols); BISAC: NAT010000 (Ecology), NAT011000 (Environmental Conservation & Protection), SCI026000 (Environmental Science), NAT000000 (NATURE / General), SCI000000 (SCIENCE / General); OCLC Number: 1227382550.

Introduction Download
William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Nancy Ockendon, Silviu O. Petrovan and Rebecca K. Smith

Who is What Works in Conservation for?

1. AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION Download
Rebecca K. Smith, Helen Meredith and William J. Sutherland

1.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

1.2 Threat: Agriculture

1.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

1.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

1.5 Threat: Biological resource use

1.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

1.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

1.9 Threat: Pollution

1.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

1.11 Habitat protection

1.12 Habitat restoration and creation

1.13 Species management

1.14 Education and awareness raising

2. BAT CONSERVATION Download
Anna Berthinussen, Olivia C. Richardson and John D. Altringham

2.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

2.2 Threat: Agriculture

2.3 Threat: Energy production

2.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

2.5 Threat: Biological resource use

2.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

2.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

2.8 Threat: Invasive or problematic species and disease

2.9 Threat: Pollution

2.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

2.11 Habitat protection

2.12 Habitat restoration and creation

2.13 Species management

2.14 Education and awareness raising

3. BIRD CONSERVATION Download
David R. Williams, Matthew F. Child, Lynn V. Dicks, Nancy Ockendon, Robert G. Pople, David A. Showler, Jessica C. Walsh, Erasmus K. H. J. zu Ermgassen and William J. Sutherland

3.1 Habitat protection

3.2 Education and awareness raising

3.3 Threat: Residential and commercial development

3.4 Threat: Agriculture

3.5 Threat: Energy production and mining

3.6 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

3.7 Threat: Biological resource use

3.8 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

3.9 Threat: Natural system modifications

3.10 Habitat restoration and creation

3.11 Threat: Invasive alien and other problematic species

3.12 Threat: Pollution

3.13 Threat: Climate change, extreme weather and geological events

3.14 General responses to small/declining populations

3.15 Captive breeding, rearing and releases (ex situ conservation)

4. FARMLAND CONSERVATION Download
Lynn V. Dicks, Joscelyne E. Ashpole, Juliana Dänhardt, Katy James, Annelie Jönsson, Nicola Randall, David A. Showler, Rebecca K. Smith, Susan Turpie, David R. Williams and William J. Sutherland

4.1 All farming systems

4.2 Arable farming

4.3 Perennial (non-timber) crops

4.4 Livestock farming

4.5 Threat: Residential and commercial development

4.6 Threat: Agri-chemicals

4.7 Threat: Transport and service corridors

4.8 Threat: Hunting and trapping (for pest control, food or sport)

4.9 Threat: Natural system modification

4.10 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

4.11 Threat: Education and awareness

5. FOREST CONSERVATION Download
Har’el Agra, Simon Schowanek, Yohay Carmel, Rebecca K. Smith and Gidi Ne’eman

5.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

5.2 Threat: Agriculture

5.3 Threat: Transport and service corridors

5.4 Threat: Biological resource use

5.5 Habitat protection

5.6 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

5.7 Threat: Pollution

5.8 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

5.9 Habitat protection

5.10 Habitat restoration and creation

5.11 Actions to improve survival and growth rate of planted trees

5.12 Education and awareness raising

6. PEATLAND CONSERVATION Download
Nigel G. Taylor, Patrick Grillas and William J. Sutherland

6.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

6.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture

6.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

6.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

6.5 Threat: Biological resource use

6.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

6.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

6.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

6.9 Threat: Pollution

6.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

6.11 Habitat creation and restoration

6.12 Actions to complement planting

6.13 Habitat protection

6.14 Education and awareness

7. PRIMATE CONSERVATION Download
Jessica Junker, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Lisa Orth, Rebecca K. Smith, Silviu O. Petrovan and William J. Sutherland

7.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

7.2 Threat: Agriculture

7.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

7.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

7.5 Threat: Biological resource use

7.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

7.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

7.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species and genes

7.9 Threat: Pollution

7.10 Education and Awareness

7.11 Habitat protection

7.12 Species management

7.13 Livelihood; economic and other incentives

8. SHRUBLAND AND HEATHLAND CONSERVATION Download
Philip A. Martin, Ricardo Rocha, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland

8.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

8.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture

8.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

8.4 Threat: Biological resource use

8.5 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

8.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

8.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

8.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

8.9 Threat: Pollution

8.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

8.11 Threat: Habitat protection

8.12 Habitat restoration and creation

8.13 Actions to benefit introduced vegetation

8.14 Education and awareness

9. MANAGEMENT OF CAPTIVE ANIMALS Download
Coral S. Jonas, Lydia T. Timbrell, Fey Young, Silviu O. Petrovan, Andrew E. Bowkett and Rebecca K. Smith

9.1 Ex-situ conservation – breeding amphibians

9.2 Promoting health and welfare in captive carnivores (felids, canids and ursids) through feeding practices

9.3 Promoting natural feeding behaviours in primates in captivity

10. SOME ASPECTS OF CONTROL OF FRESHWATER INVASIVE SPECIES Download
David Aldridge, Nancy Ockendon, Ricardo Rocha, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland

10.1 Threat: Invasive plants

10.2 Threat: Invasive molluscs

10.3 Threat: Invasive crustaceans

10.4 Threat: Invasive fish

10.5 Threat: Invasive reptiles

10.6 Threat: Invasive amphibians

11. SOME ASPECTS OF ENHANCING NATURAL PEST CONTROL Download
Hugh L. Wright, Joscelyne E. Ashpole, Lynn V. Dicks, James Hutchison, Caitlin G. McCormack and William J. Sutherland

11.1 Reducing agricultural pollution

11.2 All farming systems

11.3 Arable farming

11.4 Perennial farming

11.5 Livestock farming and pasture

12. ENHANCING SOIL FERTILITY Download
Georgina Key, Mike Whitfield, Lynn V. Dicks, William J. Sutherland and Richard D. Bardgett

12.1 Reducing agricultural pollution

12.2 All farming systems

12.3 Arable farming

12.4 Livestock and pasture farming

13. SUBTIDAL BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION Download
Anaelle J. Lemasson, Laura R. Pettit, Rebecca K. Smith and William J. Sutherland

13.1 Threat: Energy production and mining

13.2 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

13.3 Threat: Biological resource use

13.4 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbances

13.5 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species, genes and diseases

13.6 Threat: Pollution

13.7 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

13.8 Habitat protection

13.9 Habitat restoration and creation

13.10 Species management

13.11 Education and awareness

William Sutherland holds the Miriam Rothschild Chair in Conservation Biology in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge. He is president of the British Ecological Society. His previous twelve books include: Managing Habitats for Conservation (1995), Ecological Census Techniques (2006), The Conservation Handbook: Research, Management and Policy Techniques (2000). He is heavily involved in linking science and policy including through the effective use of evidence.

Lynn Dicks is a Research Fellow funded by the Natural Environment Research Council under the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Sustainability Programme (2013-2016). She works on how to use scientific evidence in policy and practice, developing methods to compile and synthesize ecological evidence and make it useful for decision-making. All her work is focused on insect pollinator conservation and ecosystem services in farmland, but the methods are widely applicable. She is a Co-ordinating Lead Author of the IPBES Thematic Assessment of Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, due to be published in 2016. She has a degree from Oxford University in Biological Sciences (1995) and a PhD from Cambridge University (2002) on the ecology of flower-visiting insects. From 2002-2009, she worked as a science writer and science communications adviser.

Silviu Petrovan is a Research Associate in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK. He is part of the Conservation Evidence team at the University of Cambridge, a co-author of the Primate Conservation and Captive Management synopses and currently updating the Bird Conservation book. In 2018 he is co-editor of a special issue on amphibians in the journal Biological Conservation. He is a trustee at Froglife where he worked for 5 years as Conservation Coordinator (2011-2016) and undertook numerous research and practical conservation projects for amphibians, reptiles and wetland habitats, incorporating large-scale citizen science elements, automated monitoring hardware and software for ecological road mitigation and wildlife disease surveillance.

Rebecca K. Smith is a Research Associate in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK. She holds degrees in the ecology and conservation of European hares (PhD, University of Bristol), Applied Ecology and Conservation (MSc, University of East Anglia) and Biology (BSc with Honours,University of Bristol). Dr Smith is part of the Conservation Evidence group at the University of Cambridge, which focuses on summarizing and disseminating scientific evidence about the effects of conservation interventions for habitats and species. She is an author of the Amphibian Conservation and Farmland Conservation synopses and has undertaken systematic reviews on the effectiveness of conservation management for birds. Prior to this work Dr Smith undertook projects developing monitoring and management strategies for high conservation priority mammal species. Her current role with Conservation Evidence includes facilitating the development and expert assessment of further synopses including reptile and forest conservation and invasive species management.

© 2020 William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Silviu O. Petrovan and Rebecca K. Smith (eds.)

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William J. Sutherland, Lynn V. Dicks, Silviu O. Petrovan and Rebecca K. Smith. What Works in Conservation 2020. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2020. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0191

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Cover image: A close up shot of the underside of a Dwarf Cavendish (Musa acuminata) by Ben Clough, CC BY-SA 3.0. Wikimedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dwarf_cavendish_leaf_2.jpg
Cover design: Heidi Coburn