What Works in Conservation

Who is What Works in Conservation for?

The Conservation Evidence project

Which conservation interventions are included?

How we review the literature

What does What Works in Conservation include?

Expert assessment of the evidence

Categorization of interventions

How to use What Works in Conservation

1. AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION

1.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

1.2 Threat: Agriculture

1.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

1.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

1.5 Threat: Biological resource use

1.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

1.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

1.9 Threat: Pollution

1.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

1.11 Habitat protection

1.12 Habitat restoration and creation

1.13 Species management

1.14 Education and awareness raising

2. BAT CONSERVATION

2.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

2.2 Threat: Agriculture

2.3 Threat: Energy production – wind turbines

2.4 Threat: Energy production – mining

2.5 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

2.6 Threat: Biological resource use

2.7 Threat: Human disturbance – caving and tourism

2.8 Threat: Natural system modification – natural fire and fire suppression

2.9 Threat: Invasive species

2.10 Threat: Pollution

2.11 Providing artificial roost structures for bats

2.12 Education and awareness raising

3. BIRD CONSERVATION

3.1 Habitat protection

3.2 Education and awareness raising

3.3 Threat: Residential and commercial development

3.4 Threat: Agriculture

3.5 Threat: Energy production and mining

3.6 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

3.7 Threat: Biological resource use

3.8 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

3.9 Threat: Natural system modifications

3.10 Habitat restoration and creation

3.11 Threat: Invasive alien and other problematic species

3.12 Threat: Pollution

3.13 Threat: Climate change, extreme weather and geological events

3.14 General responses to small/ declining populations

3.15 Captive breeding, rearing and releases (ex situ conservation)

4. FARMLAND CONSERVATION

4.1 All farming systems

4.2 Arable farming

4.3 Perennial (non-timber) crops

4.4 Livestock farming

4.5 Threat: Residential and commercial development

4.6 Threat: Agri-chemicals

4.7 Threat: Transport and service corridors

4.8 Threat: Hunting and trapping (for pest control, food or sport)

4.9 Threat: Natural system modification

4.10 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

4.11 Threat: Education and awareness

5. FOREST CONSERVATION

5.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

5.2 Threat: Agriculture

5.3 Threat: Transport and service corridors

5.4 Threat: Biological resource use

5.5 Habitat protection

5.6 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

5.7 Threat: Pollution

5.8 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

5.9 Habitat protection

5.10 Habitat restoration and creation

5.11 Actions to improve survival and growth rate of planted trees

5.12 Education and awareness raising

6. PEATLAND CONSERVATION

6.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

6.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture

6.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

6.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

6.5 Threat: Biological resource use

6.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

6.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

6.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

6.9 Threat: Pollution

6.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

6.11 Habitat creation and restoration

6.12 Actions to complement planting

6.13 Habitat protection

6.14 Education and awareness

7. PRIMATE CONSERVATION

7.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

7.2 Threat: Agriculture

7.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

7.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

7.5 Threat: Biological resource use

7.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

7.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

7.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species and genes

7.9 Threat: Pollution

7.10 Education and Awareness

7.11 Habitat protection

7.12 Species management

7.13 Livelihood; economic and other incentives

8. SHRUBLAND AND HEATHLAND CONSERVATION

8.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development

8.2 Threat: Agriculture and aquaculture

8.3 Threat: Energy production and mining

8.4 Threat: Biological resource use

8.5 Threat: Transportation and service corridors

8.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance

8.7 Threat: Natural system modifications

8.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species

8.9 Threat: Pollution

8.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather

8.11 Threat: Habitat protection

8.12 Habitat restoration and creation

8.13 Actions to benefit introduced vegetation

8.14 Education and awareness

9. MANAGEMENT OF CAPTIVE ANIMALS

9.1 Ex-situ conservation – breeding amphibians

9.2 Promoting health and welfare in captive carnivores (felids, canids and ursids) through feeding practices

9.3 Promoting natural feeding behaviours in primates in captivity

10. SOME ASPECTS OF CONTROL OF FRESHWATER INVASIVE SPECIES

10.1 Threat: Invasive plants

10.2 Threat: Invasive molluscs

10.3 Threat: Invasive crustaceans

10.4 Threat: Invasive fish

10.5 Threat: Invasive reptiles

10.6 Threat: Invasive amphibians

11. SOME ASPECTS OF ENHANCING NATURAL PEST CONTROL

11.1 Reducing agricultural pollution

11.2 All farming systems

11.3 Arable farming

11.4 Perennial farming

11.5 Livestock farming and pasture

12. ENHANCING SOIL FERTILITY

12.1 Reducing agricultural pollution

12.2 All farming systems

12.3 Arable farming

12.4 Livestock and pasture farming