|
Notes on Contributors
|
xi
|
|
Acknowledgements
|
xix
|
|
|
|
1.
|
Introduction: DARPA—The Innovation Icon
|
1
|
|
Patrick Windham and Richard Van Atta
|
|
|
DARPA’s Historical Mission and Organization
|
2
|
|
DARPA’s Organization and Budget
|
9
|
|
Important Features of the DARPA Model
|
12
|
|
The Remainder of this Book
|
24
|
|
References
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
PART I: PERSPECTIVES ON DARPA
|
27
|
|
2.
|
Fifty Years of Innovation and Discovery
|
29
|
|
Richard Van Atta
|
|
|
The “DARPA Model”
|
30
|
|
DARPA’s Origins: Strategic Challenges ~1958
|
31
|
|
DARPA Roles
|
37
|
|
Key Elements of DARPA’s Success
|
37
|
|
Tension Between DARPA Roles
|
39
|
|
DARPA’s Successes
|
39
|
|
DARPA’s Role in Creating a Revolution in Military Affairs
|
41
|
|
Sustaining the DARPA Vision
|
42
|
|
References
|
43
|
|
|
|
|
3.
|
NSF and DARPA as Models for Research Funding: An Institutional Analysis
|
45
|
|
Michael J. Piore, Phech Colatat, and Elisabeth Beck Reynolds
|
|
|
I. Methodology and Research Approach
|
47
|
|
II. Basic Findings
|
48
|
|
III. Interpretation
|
67
|
|
Conclusions
|
72
|
|
References
|
75
|
|
|
|
|
4.
|
The Connected Science Model for Innovation—The DARPA Model
|
77
|
|
William B. Bonvillian
|
|
|
Introduction: Fundamentals of Defense Technology Development
|
77
|
|
Innovation Systems at the Personal Level: Great Groups
|
88
|
|
DARPA as a Unique Model—Combining Institutional Connectedness and Great Groups
|
93
|
|
Elements of the DARPA Model
|
98
|
|
Summary
|
112
|
|
References
|
113
|
|
|
|
|
5.
|
The Value of Vision in Radical Technological Innovation
|
119
|
|
Tamara L. Carleton
|
|
|
The Value of Vision in Radical Technological Innovation
|
119
|
|
Conclusion
|
135
|
|
References
|
136
|
|
|
|
|
6.
|
ARPA Does Windows: The Defense Underpinning of the PC Revolution
|
145
|
|
Glenn R. Fong
|
|
|
Introduction
|
145
|
|
PARC and HCI
|
147
|
|
Alto’s Offspring
|
151
|
|
The Rest of the Story
|
158
|
|
Xerox’s ARPA Brats
|
164
|
|
Windows on the Future
|
171
|
|
Conclusions
|
173
|
|
References
|
175
|
|
7.
|
Rethinking the Role of the State in Technology Development: DARPA and the Case for Embedded Network Governance
|
179
|
|
Erica R. H. Fuchs
|
|
|
1. Introduction
|
179
|
|
2. The Developmental Network State
|
183
|
|
3. The Changing Faces of DARPA
|
189
|
|
4. Methods
|
198
|
|
5. Results and Discussion
|
200
|
|
6. Discussion: the DARPA Program Manager—Embedded Network Agent
|
219
|
|
7. Conclusions
|
222
|
|
Acknowledgements
|
223
|
|
References
|
224
|
|
|
|
|
8.
|
DARPA’s Process for Creating New Programs
|
229
|
|
David W. Cheney and Richard Van Atta
|
|
|
Introduction
|
229
|
|
General Framework and Typical Patterns of Program Development
|
233
|
|
Case Studies of the Development of DARPA Programs
|
236
|
|
Have Blue (Stealth)
|
237
|
|
Assault Breaker (Standoff Precision Strike)
|
244
|
|
Amber/Predator (High Altitude Long Endurance UAVs)
|
249
|
|
Optoelectronics Program
|
256
|
|
High Definition Systems
|
262
|
|
Spintronics (Quantum Computing)
|
268
|
|
Personalized Assistant that Learns (PAL)
|
272
|
|
Topological Data Analysis
|
276
|
|
Revolutionizing Prosthetics
|
279
|
|
Findings, Conclusions, and Key Observations
|
282
|
|
Concluding Thoughts
|
286
|
|
References
|
287
|
|
|
|
|
9.
|
Some Questions about the DARPA Model
|
289
|
|
Patrick Windham
|
|
|
References
|
297
|
|
|
|
|
PART II: THE ROLE OF DARPA PROGRAM MANAGERS
|
301
|
|
10.
|
DARPA—Enabling Technical Innovation
|
303
|
|
Jinendra Ranka
|
|
|
The Role of DARPA
|
303
|
|
DARPA and Innovation?
|
304
|
|
Developing and Running DARPA Programs
|
306
|
|
Important Questions to Ask
|
310
|
|
Timelines
|
311
|
|
Additional Thoughts on Why DARPA is Needed
|
312
|
|
A Flexible and Supportive Agency
|
314
|
|
|
|
|
11.
|
Program Management at DARPA: A Personal Perspective
|
315
|
|
Larry Jackel
|
|
|
Getting New Programs Approved
|
316
|
|
Soliciting and Reviewing Proposals
|
316
|
|
Managing Programs
|
317
|
|
Independence, Responsibility, and Accomplishments
|
318
|
|
|
|
|
PART III: APPLYING THE DARPA MODEL IN OTHER SITUATIONS
|
321
|
|
12.
|
Lessons from DARPA for Innovating in Defense Legacy Sectors
|
323
|
|
William B. Bonvillian
|
|
|
Conclusion: Innovation in the Defense Legacy Sector
|
354
|
|
References
|
357
|
|
|
|
|
13.
|
ARPA-E and DARPA: Applying the DARPA Model to Energy Innovation
|
361
|
|
William B. Bonvillian and Richard Van Atta
|
|
|
Overview
|
361
|
|
I. The DARPA Model
|
365
|
|
II. ARPA-E—A New R&D Model for the Department of Energy
|
383
|
|
III. The Remaining Technology Implementation Challenge for DARPA and ARPA-E
|
409
|
|
IV. Conclusion—Brief Summary of Key Points
|
426
|
|
References
|
428
|
|
|
|
|
14.
|
IARPA: A Modified DARPA Innovation Model
|
435
|
|
William B. Bonvillian
|
|
|
The DARPA Model in the Context of Innovation Policy
|
436
|
|
The IARPA Model
|
441
|
|
Two Challenges to DARPA and its Clones—Manufacturing and Scaling up Startups
|
447
|
|
Conclusion
|
449
|
|
References
|
450
|
|
|
|
|
15.
|
Does NIH need a DARPA?
|
453
|
|
Robert Cook-Deegan
|
|
|
Biomedical Success
|
455
|
|
|
|
|
PART IV: CONCLUSIONS
|
461
|
|
16.
|
Lessons from DARPA’s Experience
|
463
|
|
Richard Van Atta, Patrick Windham and William B. Bonvillian
|
|
|
Important Features
|
464
|
|
Creating New Technical Communities
|
466
|
|
DARPA and the Future
|
467
|
|
|
|
|
Further Reading
|
471
|
|
DARPA Documents
|
471
|
|
General Histories of DARPA
|
471
|
|
Histories of DARPA’s Contributions to Information Technology
|
472
|
|
|
|
|
List of Illustrations and Tables
|
473
|
|
Index
|
475
|
