10. The Liminal Space of Widowhood in Teresa Deevy’s Wife to James Whelan (1937)

‘The Liminal Space of Widowhood in Teresa Deevy’s Wife to James Whelan (1937)’ explores the representation of widowhood as a liminal space in Wife to James Whelan, focusing on the socio-cultural invisibility and marginalisation of widows in early twentieth-century Ireland. The chapter examines the character of Nan Bowers, whose status as a widow places her at the fringes of society, emphasising how widowhood disrupts established gender norms and challenges patriarchal family structures. Drawing on theories of liminality from anthropologists including Victor Turner and Arnold van Gennep, the chapter frames widowhood as a state where women are caught between roles, stripped of traditional protections, and viewed both as vulnerable and as potential societal threats. Deevy’s portrayal of Nan’s struggle for identity and agency after her husband's death reveals the cultural tensions that widows faced, such as economic insecurity, societal suspicion, and the pressure to remarry. The chapter argues that Deevy critiques the restrictive definitions of womanhood embedded in Ireland’s constitution and religious values by illustrating the widow’s struggle to redefine herself beyond social expectations. In this way, Deevy reclaims widowhood as a critical and disruptive space, shedding light on the oppressive ideologies surrounding gender and family in Irish culture. Positioning Deevy's work as a call for greater social and cultural inclusion, the chapter suggests that narratives of widowhood provide powerful insight into the complexities of Irish identity and the potential for ideological transformation through literature.