This is the archived 2015 edition of What Works in Conservation.
It has been superseded by a new expanded and updated edition, published in January 2017.
Introduction
1. AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION
1.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
1.2 Threat: Agriculture
1.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
1.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
1.5 Threat: Biological resource use
1.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
1.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
1.9 Threat: Pollution
1.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
1.11 Habitat protection
1.12 Habitat restoration and creation
1.13 Species management
1.14 Education and awareness raising
2. BAT CONSERVATION
2.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
2.2 Threat: Agriculture
2.3 Threat: Energy production – wind turbines
2.4 Threat: Energy production – mining
2.5 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
2.6 Threat: Biological resource use
2.7 Threat: Human disturbance – caving and tourism
2.8 Threat: Natural system modification – natural fire and fire suppression
2.9 Threat: Invasive species
2.10 Threat: Pollution
2.11 Providing artificial roost structures for bats
2.12 Education and awareness raising
3. BIRD CONSERVATION
3.1 Habitat protection
3.2 Education and awareness raising
3.3 Threat: Residential and commercial development
3.4 Threat: Agriculture
3.5 Threat: Energy production and mining
3.6 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
3.7 Threat: Biological resource use
3.8 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
3.9 Threat: Natural system modifications
3.10 Habitat restoration and creation
3.11 Threat: Invasive alien and other problematic species
3.12 Threat: Pollution
3.13 Threat: Climate change, extreme weather and geological events
3.14 General responses to small/declining populations
3.15 Captive breeding, rearing and releases (ex situ conservation)
4. FARMLAND CONSERVATION
4.1 All farming systems
4.2 Arable farming
4.3 Perennial (non-timber) crops
4.4 Livestock farming
4.5 Threat: Residential and commercial development
4.6 Threat: Agri-chemicals
4.7 Threat: Transport and service corridors
4.8 Threat: Hunting and trapping (for pest control, food or sport)
4.9 Threat: Natural system modification
4.10 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
4.11 Threat: Education and awareness
5. SOME ASPECTS OF CONTROL OF FRESHWATER INVASIVE SPECIES
5.1 Threat: Invasive amphibians
5.2 Threat: Invasive crustaceans
6. SOME ASPECTS OF ENHANCING NATURAL PEST CONTROL
6.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
6.2 All farming systems
6.3 Arable farming
6.4 Perennial farming
6.5 Livestock farming and pasture
7. ENHANCING SOIL FERTILITY
7.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
7.2 All farming systems
7.3 Arable farming
7.4 Livestock and pasture farming
1. AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION
1.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
1.2 Threat: Agriculture
1.3 Threat: Energy production and mining
1.4 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
1.5 Threat: Biological resource use
1.6 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
1.7 Threat: Natural system modifications
1.8 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
1.9 Threat: Pollution
1.10 Threat: Climate change and severe weather
1.11 Habitat protection
1.12 Habitat restoration and creation
1.13 Species management
1.14 Education and awareness raising
2. BAT CONSERVATION
2.1 Threat: Residential and commercial development
2.2 Threat: Agriculture
2.3 Threat: Energy production – wind turbines
2.4 Threat: Energy production – mining
2.5 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
2.6 Threat: Biological resource use
2.7 Threat: Human disturbance – caving and tourism
2.8 Threat: Natural system modification – natural fire and fire suppression
2.9 Threat: Invasive species
2.10 Threat: Pollution
2.11 Providing artificial roost structures for bats
2.12 Education and awareness raising
3. BIRD CONSERVATION
3.1 Habitat protection
3.2 Education and awareness raising
3.3 Threat: Residential and commercial development
3.4 Threat: Agriculture
3.5 Threat: Energy production and mining
3.6 Threat: Transportation and service corridors
3.7 Threat: Biological resource use
3.8 Threat: Human intrusions and disturbance
3.9 Threat: Natural system modifications
3.10 Habitat restoration and creation
3.11 Threat: Invasive alien and other problematic species
3.12 Threat: Pollution
3.13 Threat: Climate change, extreme weather and geological events
3.14 General responses to small/declining populations
3.15 Captive breeding, rearing and releases (ex situ conservation)
4. FARMLAND CONSERVATION
4.1 All farming systems
4.2 Arable farming
4.3 Perennial (non-timber) crops
4.4 Livestock farming
4.5 Threat: Residential and commercial development
4.6 Threat: Agri-chemicals
4.7 Threat: Transport and service corridors
4.8 Threat: Hunting and trapping (for pest control, food or sport)
4.9 Threat: Natural system modification
4.10 Threat: Invasive and other problematic species
4.11 Threat: Education and awareness
5. SOME ASPECTS OF CONTROL OF FRESHWATER INVASIVE SPECIES
5.1 Threat: Invasive amphibians
5.2 Threat: Invasive crustaceans
6. SOME ASPECTS OF ENHANCING NATURAL PEST CONTROL
6.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
6.2 All farming systems
6.3 Arable farming
6.4 Perennial farming
6.5 Livestock farming and pasture
7. ENHANCING SOIL FERTILITY
7.1 Reducing agricultural pollution
7.2 All farming systems
7.3 Arable farming
7.4 Livestock and pasture farming
© 2015 William J. Sutherland

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information:
Sutherland, W.J., Dicks, L.V., Ockendon, N., and Smith, R.K. What Works in Conservation 2015. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0060
Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cover image: A close up shot of the underside of a Dwarf Cavendish (Musa acuminata) by Ben Clough, CC BY-SA 3.0. Wikimedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dwarf_cavendish_leaf_2.jpg
Cover design: Heidi Coburn