Contents

Contributors

ix

Introduction

xv

Part 1. The Synagogue

1

Lee I. Levine (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

1. Diversity in the Ancient Synagogue of Roman-Byzantine Palestine: Historical Implications

3

Michael D. Swartz (Ohio State University)

2. Society and the Self in Early Piyyut

33

José Costa (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle–Paris 3)

3. Some Remarks about Non-Rabbinic Judaism, Rabbinization, and Synagogal Judaism

67

Part 2. Evidence For Non-Rabbinic Judaism: The Near East

119

Geoffrey Herman (École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL)

4. In Search of Non-Rabbinic Judaism in Sasanian Babylonia

121

Robert Brody (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

5. Varieties of Non-Rabbinic Judaism in Geonic and Contemporaneous Sources

139

Yoram Erder (Tel Aviv University)

6. Karaites and Sadducees

153

Christian Julien Robin (CNRS, Membre de l’Institut)

7. The Judaism of the Ancient Kingdom of Ḥimyar in Arabia: A Discreet Conversion

165

Part 3. Evidence for Non-Rabbinic Judaism: Europe

271

Capucine Nemo-Pekelman (Université Paris Nanterre)

8. The Didascalus Annas: A Jewish Political and Intellectual Figure from the West

273

Giancarlo Lacerenza (University of Naples “L’Orientale”)

9. Rabbis in Southern Italian Jewish Inscriptions from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages

291

Michael Toch (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

10. Jewish Demographics and Economics at the Onset of the European Middle Ages

323

Part 4. Rabbinization

337

Ron Naiweld (CNRS)

11. The Rabbinization Tractates and the Propagation of Rabbinic Ideology in the Late Talmudic Period

339

Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra (École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL)

12. Who is the Target of Toledot Yeshu?

359

Gavin McDowell (École Pratique des Hautes Études, PSL)

13. Rabbinization of Non-Rabbinic Material in Pirqe de-Rabbi Eliezer

381

Günter Stemberger (University of Vienna)

14. Seder Eliyahu Rabbah: Rabbinic Tradition for a Non-Rabbinic Society

413

Ra‘anan Boustan (Princeton University)

Afterword: Rabbinization and the Persistence of Diversity in Jewish Culture in Late Antiquity

427

List of Illustrations

451

Index

457

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