6. Ethical voting and expressive voting

In previous chapters it is assumed that each individual votes with the objective of increasing the probability that the outcome is one she likes. The chapter presents two models, one in which each individual's voting decisions are driven by ethical concerns and one in which individuals vote because they derive satisfaction from expressing their opinions, regardless of whether doing so has any effect on the outcome of the election. In each of these models the motivation to vote is not related to the size of the electorate, so that turnout does not necessarily decline as the size of the electorate increases, as it does in the models in Sections 3.2 and 3.3.